The wisdom books have an understanding of God and human life that stands in distinction to the prophetic books. I will compare the books of Proverbs and Hosea to highlight some of these differences.
Proverbs depicts God primarily as the guarantor of an orderly world (Collins 332). God has created a world that is knowable and predictable. Consequently, human beings can understand God’s will by examining the results of their own actions; actions that bring prosperity and blessing are considered wise, while actions that result in destruction and ruin are folly. Wisdom is understood as being intimately connected with God; reverence for God leads to wisdom, and wisdom leads to greater reverence for God (Proverbs 1:7, NOAB 5 note to Proverbs 1:7, p.907). The purpose of human life, according to the Book of Proverbs, is to live in accord with the precepts of wisdom, so that one will be able to live a righteous life, remain in the Promised Land and receive abundant material blessings (Proverbs 2:20—3:2).
The prophetic depiction of God is much more anthropopathic: God is both faithful and jealous, demanding adherence to the covenant made between God and Israel. The book of Hosea offers an extended metaphor where Hosea’s family life is used to depict God’s relationship with Israel (NOAB 5 note on Hosea 1:2-3:5, p. 1276). God’s jealousy is made plain by his characterization of Israel “a wife of whoredom” (Hosea 1:2) due to Israel’s worship of other gods. God’s initial will for Israel was made known in the Mosaic covenant, but in the prophetic books we find God speaking through prophets to signal a breach of the covenant (Hosea 4:6). In contrast to the God depicted in Proverbs, the God of the prophets is willing to intervene directly in human history to both chastise and reclaim Israel (Hosea 5:14—6:3). The prophets view the purpose of human life is to live in accord with God’s law and covenant, which will result in prosperity and remaining in the promised land (Hosea 14:4-7).