“The pro-Davidic tone of 1 Samuel is evident in the fact that while Saul falters repeatedly, David can do no wrong.” (NOAB 4 p.399) and hence a hero. David is described as a ‘man after his (YHWH’s) own heart’ who was appointed to succeed Saul. (1 Samuel 13:14 b,c) This intimidates Saul and sets off a jealous rage which secretly motivates Saul to attempt to kill David. (1 Samuel 19: 9-24) In David’s actions, we see the marks of the hero who is fearless with Goliath (1 Sam.17:48) and compassionate as he becomes a comforter that helps to ease Saul’s evil spirit. (1 Samuel 16:23). David respects the laws of YHWH and is dedicated to following YHWH’s lead. (2 Samuel 5:19) However, in 1 Samuel 21:11-13 we see another side of David in his fear of King Acshish of Gath. David’s fall from grace is demonstrated in 2 Samuel 11:4 in the many laws he violates in his lust for Bathsheba and the subtrafuge he creates to avoid public disgrace. The remainder of 2 Samuel illustrates Davids attempts to lead despite his fall.
In “A Nation Conceived in Defeat” Jacob Wright offers interesting conjectures for why the stories of success and failure of King David such as these would become a focus in the Hebrew Bible. “For while history may be written by the victors, it is often the losers who live to tell its tale”. In the aftermath of the defeat of Jerusalem, the followers of YHWH have a history that ‘holds the people together’ in exile. (p.97), offers a way of learning from the failures of their hero and maintain their assurance of YHWH’s love for them as a unique people of God.